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Laura B
Blog by Kate Lawrence.
On the evening of 20 February 2018, I watched an Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross chick die before my eyes, as it was eaten alive by mice.
A 79-day old Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross chick at nest 014 just after its death by mouse predation (Kate Lawrence).



Video below: The Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross chick at nest 14 is predated by mice.
We feel it is important to show the reality of what we are working to stop. However, this video contains images of mice predating on live birds and may be upsetting.
 
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I arrived at nest 14 at 9.30pm. Mice were feeding on the chick’s already open back-wound by 10pm. And less than one hour later, the chick from nest 14 was dead.



In this line of work, you see plenty of dead animals. On Gough Island, we regularly see the remains of dead birds: albatross that crash land during extreme wind events; adults standing over dead chicks soon after hatching (cause of death unknown); and scattered carcasses of burrowing petrels and prions left after skua predation. Eggs and chicks and adult birds die of natural causes all the time. Death and predation are part of the natural ecosystem. But on Gough Island, mice are not.


Watching the deterioration of Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross chick 14, confined to its nest, from alert (albeit already in pain and weak) and capable of brushing the mice from its back, to dead within an hour and twenty minutes was something else. Watching the chick’s posture gradually change as it became weaker and weaker, with mice burrowing their heads under its skin while it was still alive, imagining the pain it must be in, and the unbearable weight as it dropped its head, unable to lift it again, seeing it vomiting profusely in the last moments of its life, and feeling relief when it finally died because it wouldn’t be in pain anymore; that was horrific. After initially reeling, I simply felt incredibly sad and sick to my stomach.


Why would we watch such suffering? The Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross is an endangered species that breeds only on the islands in the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, including Gough Island, and is undergoing population decline due to mortalities in longline fisheries. Throughout the breeding season, from September 2017 to April 2018, Fabrice, Jaimie and I monitored 65 Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross nests, to continue the long-term study of this species. A number of eggs and chicks failed throughout the breeding season, as is normal. But in February we started seeing an unusual number of failures, considering the chicks were around 10-12 weeks old, getting big and had already been unguarded for around 6-8 weeks. When five failed in nine days, we suspected mice. One chick had wounds on its body, the others were just feathers and bones; it was too late to ascertain cause of death, so watching the predation of the chick at nest 14 confirmed our fears.


During our normal nest checks, just twelve hours after watching the mouse predation, the chick at nest 14 was merely feathers and bones, just like these other recent fails.
The remains of an Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross chick at nest 001 (Kate Lawrence).
 
 

The remains of an Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross chick at nest 16; there is mouse hole in the front of the nest (Kate Lawrence & Jaimie Cleeland).
 
 
 
I don’t know how many mice it takes to kill an albatross. In this instance there were definitely two, maybe three and possibly more involved. The reality is, with no way for the chicks to defend themselves, one mouse could kill an albatross, and there are millions of mice on Gough Island. Mouse predation of Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross chicks on Gough Island was first recorded during the 2009/10 breeding season, with an estimated 2% of chicks predated (Cuthbert et al., 2013). In comparison, this year during February and March, 27% of hatched chicks in our monitoring area died from suspected mouse predation before they were ready to fledge and be out of harm’s way.



It is lamentable that it was people who caused this unnatural predation by unknowingly introducing mice to the island. But it is also people who can create hope and give the island a chance to recover from the devastation caused by mice. In recent years, eradication of rodents has been achieved on other islands such as South Georgia (UK Overseas Territory), the Antipodes Islands (New Zealand), and Macquarie Island (Australia).



2019 is our chance to act for Gough Island, and stop other chicks suffering as chick 14 did. The mouse eradication on Gough Island next year will be an exciting intervention to safeguard the bird-life of this unique and beautiful island. Your support is important to the success of this project. Please get in touch now, or share this blog to help us secure a safe future for Gough Island’s special birds.

A unique and beautiful island; the fern bush habitat on the lower slopes is home to Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross (Kate Lawrence).

 



           
A healthy Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross about to be fed by it's parent (Kate Lawrence).

 

To keep up to date with all the latest news as we lead up to the 2019 eradication operation, please follow our Gough Island Facebook and Twitter pages, or contact us on the email address below to sign up for our newsletter.
laura.beasley@rspb.org.uk


Acknowledgement
The Gough Island Restoration Programme is being carried out by the RSPB in partnership with Tristan da Cunha, BirdLife South Africa and the Department of Environmental Affairs in South Africa.

The programme is part-funded by the RSPB, the UK government, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and other generous individuals and organisations.

If you would like to support our efforts to save the Critically Endangered Tristan albatross and Gough bunting, please contact John Kelly, or you can donate using our online form

References:
Cuthbert, R.J., Louw, H., Parker, G., Rexer-Huber, K. and Visser, P. 2013. Observations of mice predation on dark-mantled sooty albatross and Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross chicks at Gough Island. Antarctic Science, 25, 763-766.