Main image: Nightjar adult roosting during daylight hours. Credit: Andy Hay (rspb-images.com)
Take a walk through the heathland at RSPB Arne in Dorset on a summer’s evening and you’ll likely be met by the unforgettable and unmistakable 'churring' call of the Nightjar.
Nightjars are summer visitors to the UK and were once far more numerous and widespread than they are today. But conservation efforts are helping to reverse this trend, with new figures showing Nightjar numbers across RSPB reserves in England and Wales hit a record high in 2022. During last year’s surveys, a total of 198 territorial male Nightjars were recorded at RSPB sites, up from 178 in 2021.
Typically found on lowland heathland in the UK, Nightjar numbers fell in part because of habitat loss and the resulting break-up of connected heathland areas. Work by the RSPB and other conservation organisations to halt the decline has seen the species move from the Birds of Conservation Concern Red List, to the Amber List.
At RSPB Arne, which will feature as the live filming location for this year’s series of Springwatch (starting on BBC Two next Monday), Nightjar numbers also hit a record high last year. A total of 60 territorial males were recorded churring in 2022. In 1990, that figure stood at just 20.
Conservation work at RSPB Arne has succeeded in encouraging Nightjars to breed successfully in increasing numbers, with the 630-hectare reserve restored to a mosaic of heathland, grassland and woodland. Creating a variety of habitats for the birds is key and a herd of native Red Devon cattle are doing exactly that, assisted by ponies, donkeys and pigs.
Image left: Pigs are being used to help create new heathland through grazing at RSPB Arne. Credit: Terry Bagley (rspb-images.com)
Peter Robertson, RSPB Arne senior site manager, said: “This type of wilder grazing system is all about using animals to help create a dynamic mosaic of habitats. They are constantly changing things on a small scale – breaking up vegetation, creating bare ground as they pass through, and moving plants around in their dung and hooves. It’s the dung that attracts insects such as dung beetles which are great Nightjar food.”
The call of the Nightjar: ‘incredibly distinctive and an amazing wildlife experience’
Nocturnal and exceptionally well camouflaged, Nightjars are notoriously difficult to see. They nest on the ground, creating a small depression in the ground for their eggs, and use their camouflage to stay hidden during the day. The birds feed on the wing, flying with their mouths open to catch insects in the air. Similar to bats using echo location, they make a small clicking noise to track prey including moths, cockchafers and other large insects.
Counting the number of Nightjars on site requires the conservation team to set out at dusk and listen to where the male birds are ‘churring’ from perches or on the ground. In flight, they make a call which sounds like a prop plane with its engine slowing down, spluttering and getting slower and slower with a final ‘splut’ at the end. Males in display flight also make a clapping noise as their wings hit each other on the upstroke.
Above: European nightjar adult female sitting on nest site next to two hunkered chicks. Credit - Ben Andrew (rspb-images.com)
Peter said: “On the heathland on a summer evening the sound of churring Nightjars is everywhere. Their calls carry quite a long way and now there is nowhere you can stand and not hear one, and in most cases half a dozen. It’s a repetitive reeling sound - incredibly distinctive and an amazing wildlife experience.
“Being able to hear those calls is the perfect reminder that the hard work is paying off. Helping to maintain then increase numbers, and reverse population declines of species like Nightjar is very rewarding.”
Along with many other species, Nightjars are sensitive to human disturbance. The camouflage that hides ground-nesting birds from natural predators can make it hard for people to spot nests, so to minimise the risk at RSPB Arne, visitors are asked to avoid areas closed to the public, stick to permitted paths and keep pets on leads in areas where people are allowed to walk dogs.
Over half of England’s most threatened breeding species nest on or near to the ground, including curlew, little tern, nightjar and lapwing. Almost every natural habitat in the English countryside can be home to ground nesting birds and these threatened species are under increasing pressure due habitat loss, predators and climate change.
By sticking to paths, watching your step and keeping dogs on a short lead while you enjoy the countryside, you can help give rare ground nesting birds the best chance of survival.
Nightjars are just one of the star species set to feature during three weeks of live programmes starting May 29 when RSPB Arne will play host to the Springwatch team, including presenters Chris Packham and Michaela Strachan.
Up to 30 remote cameras will help capture magical wildlife spectacles across the reserve, giving viewers the chance to observe many different species from Green Woodpeckers and Dartford Warblers, to tunnelling bees. RSPB Arne is also one of the few places in the UK where all six of the UK’s native reptiles can be found, including the rare Sand Lizards and Smooth Snakes.
Hear Nightjars churring at RSPB Arne in Dorset this summer by signing up for one of our Night Wildlife Walk with Supper events, starting 17 June.
Is it useful for other animals or not??