The long road to COP15: The final sprint is here!

(c) UN Biodiversity

Today’s blog is written by Fiona Dobson, International Policy Officer, on the cusp of the long-awaited Convention on Biological Diversity COP15, on what’s at stake, and what we’re looking to see from this monumental summit. 

 

“Our world leaders should follow the example of the birds, and these dancers, at COP15, and cooperate to create something beautiful - a plan for the future of nature” says Sadeck Waff, choreographer of this amazing ‘human murmuration’ video which is part of the Urgent Conversation campaign.

 

It seems hard to believe, but after multiple years of delays, and a long and bumpy road, the long marathon to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is finally reaching its sprint finish. Starting next week – preceded by a last-minute working group meeting – the COP15 will bring thousands to Montreal to work together to agree a new global plan to save nature.  

Many have been touting this COP (conference of the parties – the name given to these global meetings) as the potential ‘Paris moment for nature’. This is in reference to the landmark COP in 2015 under the CBD’s sister climate agreement (the UNFCCC) where the Paris Agreement was agreed, significantly shifting the global perspective on climate action. But what will it take to make this COP that kind of monumental moment? Here we remind you what’s on the cards, and what we’re looking to see. 

 

A reminder of what’s at stake 

To refresh your memory, the Convention on Biological Diversity is the UN multilateral environment agreement which brings together countries from all over the world to collectively take decisions on how to  

  1. conserve biodiversity,
  2. promote the sustainable use of natural resources, and
  3. equitably share the benefits arising from biodiversity.

Roughly every 10 years, Parties under the CBD agreed what are known as ‘Strategic Plans’ – which act as decadal frameworks for global action for nature. And that’s why the COP is so important – it’s where countries are due to agree the next global framework for this decade, to guide action up to 2030. Due to the delays, we’re already almost into the third year of this decade, and there’s not a moment to waste. COP15 is a once-in-a-decade opportunity to agree an ambitious global framework to tackle biodiversity loss, and crucially is a chance to put the mechanisms in place to ensure it is achieved (unlike the previous frameworks). 

 

A heavy burden 

This is no easy task; over the multiple years of negotiations on this new framework, consensus has been hard to find, and going into COP at last, the picture looks far from rosy. The last formal preparatory negotiations took place in June, and made woefully inadequate progress. Since then, attempts have been made to suggest solutions, including at an informal meeting in September, but it’s yet to be seen whether all Parties will accept the suggested changes to the text.  

A few particularly ‘sticky’ issues remain, not least the issue of finance (How much money will be put on the table? Will developing countries feel supported to be able to deliver action); the complex topic of ‘Digital Sequencing of Information’ (What does a solution look like to the issue of sharing and receiving benefits from genetic sequencing?), and the overall question of ambition (Will these targets go far enough to really deliver the transformative change required?). 

 

What’s the recipe for success? 

All that said, we are in a biodiversity crisis, and it’s clearly vital that countries arrive in Montreal ready to work urgently, in a spirit of compromise and ambition, and with a strong sense of trust. This was somewhat lacking in the Nairobi meetings, but we’re hopeful that at the COP itself, countries will finally see fit to rise to the occasion and the scale of the challenge.  

We, alongside many others, have been very concerned about the lack of political attention being given to COP15. Heads of State have not been officially invited, serving a blow to our hopes of ‘making CBD famous’. There are still strong calls on leaders to attend and till time to make this happen. You can add your voice to our Urgent Conversation campaign speaking to our Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak, in particular! 

In short, a recipe for success will be 

  • strong, high-level political attention to not only bring the gravitas needed to get the final agreement over the line, but the media attention to draw the eyes of the public to the importance of nature and COP15;  
  • a genuine recognition of the scale of the biodiversity crisis which wakes us up enough to agree targets that are actually going to deliver change;  
  • a real willingness to agree the plans for how to implement the new framework, including delivering the financing as well as clear monitoring and reporting mechanisms;  

And very importantly a strong helping of good Canadian food and the chance for plenty of sleep to keep morale high! 

 

What we’re looking to see 

As part of the recipe for success, below we lay out the 5 elements that are essential for a successful framework: 

  1. A 2030 mission or global goal to achieve a nature-positive world by 2030 for the benefit of planet and people, by taking urgent action across society to halt and reverse biodiversity loss.  
  2. A set of 2030 goals to prevent extinctions, recover species populations, and retain and restore habitat quality and extent. Specifically, we need to highlight species and have a target that aims to, by 2030: Halt human-induced species extinctions, reduce the overall risk of species’ extinctions by at least 20% and increase the population abundance of species on average by at least 20%. 
  3. A prominent target to, by 2030, effectively and equitably protect and conserve at least 30% of land, inland waters, seas and coasts.  
  4. A set of 2030 action targets, supported by ambitious pledges from governments, to tackle the key pressures and drivers of biodiversity loss. This includes halting the conversion of natural habitats, tackling climate change, addressing overexploitation, tackling invasive species, and significantly reducing pollution. We must significantly reduce the ecological footprint of our production and consumption in agriculture, fishing, forestry, extractive industries, and infrastructure sectors by 2030.  
  5. A framework underpinned by the means and resources to implement the targets and hold countries accountable for their progress towards themThe targets must be underpinned by the rights and empowerment of local people and indigenous communities; commitments to mobilise resources to implement the targets and close the biodiversity finance gap, and the elimination and re-direction of harmful subsidies; plus a drastically improved accountability and transparency mechanism. 

 

Nature is in crisis, but together we can save it 

This COP is taking place in the face of multiple crises around the globe and it may seem that genuine change for the better seems like an insurmountable task. But as with any challenge ‘it takes a village’ to make progress - and COP15 is a vital piece of that community working for change. 

 

To bring hope for the weeks to come, take a look at our recent ‘human murmuration’ video as part of the Urgent Conversation campaign. In the words of choreographer Sadeck Waff, “This performance is about recovery and hope. It is inspired by the murmuration of birds and the beauty they create when they move as one. When you see the passion of these young dancers working together, you can’t help but feel hopeful. Our world leaders should follow the example of the birds, and these dancers, at COP15, and cooperate to create something beautiful - a plan for the future of nature”. 

 

Watch this space  

We’ll be in Montreal for the duration of COP15 as part of the BirdLife International Delegation working hard and advocating for a strong global biodiversity framework that can deliver a Nature Positive world by 2030. We’ll be reporting on progress, so stay tuned! 

 

Further reading:  

Check out this page on the BirdLife International website to learn more about our detailed policy positions for the development of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: https://www.birdlife.org/projects/the-post-2020-global-biodiversity-framework-a-now-or-never-opportunity-for-nature/